World Trade
Organization TN/S/W/50
1 July 2005
(05-2868) Council for Trade in Services
Special Session Original: English
COMMUNICATION FROM AUSTRALIA, CANADA, THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, JAPAN, HONG KONG CHINA, KOREA, NORWAY, Singapore, THE SEPARATE CUSTOMS TERRITORY OF TAIWAN, PENGHU, KINMEN AND MATSU, AND THE UNITED STATES
Liberalization of Telecommunication Services
The following communication, dated 1 July 2005, from the delegations of Australia, Canada, the European Communities, Japan, Hong Kong China, Korea, Norway, Singapore, the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, and the United States is being circulated to the Members of the Council for Trade in Services.
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We believe telecommunications services are an important element of the GATS negotiations because of the valuable roles such services play in supporting national economies and international trade:
Drivers of Economic Growth: A modern tel
World Trade
Organization TN/S/W/27
S/CSC/W/44
10 February 2005
(05-0548) Council for Trade in Services
Special Session
Committee on Specific Commitments Original: English
Communication from the European Communities
Classification in the Telecom Sector under the WTO-GATS Framework
The following communication, dated 9 February 2005, from the delegation of the European Communities, is being circulated to the Members of the Council for Trade in Services and the Members of the Committee on Specific Commitments.
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Summary:
This Communication addresses the legal uncertainty created by the existing classification used in the telecom sector under the GATS. Classification is first and foremost the basis to identify all services which Members wish to open to competition (market access) and for which they wish to ensure non-discrimination (national treatment). But the classification used so far is based on business concepts and wo
電信提供者因應該部門劇變的方法為合併或購併各種類型的公司。 該文章表示,這並不代表是出現了令人擔心的眾多大型公司將開始控制電信業,而是相當少的巨額交易膨脹了整個交易額,但是當「有十分多的小額個別交易,其重要性超過他們原來應有的影響力時,新技術的出現更刺激了較小的交易量、減少了基本網路的需求,並讓相當小的企業在某些市場區隔中獲得穩固的地位 . 當行動電話網路業者佔有較大的市場佔有率時,可能其他服務提供者會發現進入主要行動通信業者網路之客戶受話通訊,實在過份昂貴,而這可能是因為營運者的市場地位而非競爭力所使然。 並且,當網際網路成熟時,較大的網際網路接取提供者會買下較小的網路提供者,而大型的暨有電信營運者將購併網際網路接取提供者以提供這類服務。 電信執照業者之眾多義務係以滿足各種社會及監管目的,含:公共服務義務、服務特定團體或區域的義務、服務品質標的、資費管制、客戶服務、競爭行為以及公布選擇性資訊的義務。 由於整合將導致電信服務提供者提供更廣泛的多媒體服務,所以未來法令方面的考量將更加複雜;例如,與主要業者控制之基礎網路之網路細分化( unbundled )互連對要讓基本電信提供者達成有效市場進入是不可避免的,但是對於在網際網路提供影像服務的業者,在要進入用戶迴路也就是最末端客戶時,只能從剛好有提供這項服務的「主要業者」處獲得,這是否較不重要 ? Private leased circuit services 7522** and 7523** 7523 (see above) 7522 Business network services
75221 Shared network services - Network services necessary to establish telephone communications between selected (point-to-point or multi-point) locations (terminals) via a public (shared) network. This type of service is primarily used to establish voice communications between distant PBX's (tie line), between a distant location and a PBX (off premises extension), between a PBX and a distant exchange area (foreign exchange) or between designated telephone sets, but may also accommodate data transmission. 8432 84320 Data-processing and tabulation services - Services such as data processing and tabulation services, computer calculating services, and rental services of computer time.
Listed Cross border Consumption abroad Commercial presence In per cent of listed sub-sectors MARKET ACCESS Full Partial None Full Partial None Full Partial None a Voice Telephone Services 65 12 78 9 31 58 11 11 88 2 b. Other
- Terrestrial-based Mobile CB 4 4 2 11 CA 1 4 1 8 CP 30 1 20 21 33 - Satellite-based Mobile CB 2 4 2 9 CA 1 4 1 6 CP 24 1 20 18 31 Source: WTO
Legend: CB - Cross border supply
CA – Consumption abroad
CP - Commercial presence a) Number of suppliers
c) Number of operations
d) Number of natural persons
e) Types of legal entity
f) Participation of foreign capital
g) Other measures 1 Data in this table does not take into account horizontal measures listed in schedules. Other
- Terrestrial-based Mobile CB 1 7 4 4 4 CA 6 4 4 4 CP 1 12 5 3 1 6 4 - Satellite-based Mobile CB 1 7 4 4 4 CA 6 4 4 4 CP 1 9 4 1 1 5 4 Source: WTO
Legend:
CB – Cross border supply
CA – Consumption abroad
CP – Commercial presence
Rank Main telephone lines Local telephone service revenue 97 96 Operator (Country) Total (000s) 1997 Change (96-97) Total (US$ million) 1997 Change (96-97) As % of revenue 1997 1 2 DGT (China) 70'310 28. 前廿名蜂巢式行動電話業者,依據一九九七年使用戶數排名
Rank Cellular subscribers Mobile revenue 97 96 Operator (Country) (000s)1997 Change(96-97) (US$ million)1997 Change(96-97) As % of revenue1997 1 1 NTT (Japan) a 19'240 * 14. 03 Antigua and Barbuda X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Argentina X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Australia X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Austria X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Bangladesh X X X X X X X X X X Barbados X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Belize X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Bolivia X X X X X X X X X Brazil* X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Brunei Darussalam X X X X X X X X Bulgaria X X X X X X X X X X X X X Canada X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Chile X X X X X X X X X X X X Colombia X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Congo RP X Côte d'Ivoire X X X X X X X X X X Cuba X X X X X X X Czech Republic X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Djibouti X X X X X X X X X X Dominica* X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Dominican Republic X X X X X X X X X X Ecuador X X X X X X X X X El Salvador X X X X X X X X X European Community X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Finland X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Gambia X X X X X X X X X X X Ghana X X X X X X X X X X Grenada X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Guatemala* X X X X X X X X X Guyana X Hong Kong X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Hungary X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Iceland X X X X X X X X X X X X X X India X X X X X X X X X X Indonesia X X X X X X X X X X X Israel X X X X X X X X X X X X X Jamaica X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Japan X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Kenya X X Korea RP X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Kyrgyz Republic X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Latvia* X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Lesotho X X X X X X Liechtenstein X X X X X X X X X Malaysia X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Mauritius X X X X X X X X X X Mexico X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Mongolia X X X X X X X Morocco X X X X X X X X X X X X New Zealand X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Nicaragua X X X X X X X X X X X X X Nigeria X X X X X X X X X X Norway X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Pakistan X X X X X X X X X X X X Panama X X X X X X X X Papua New Guinea* X X X X X X X X X Peru X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Philippines* X X X X X X X X X X X Poland X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Romania X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Saint Kitts & Nevis X X X Senegal X X X X X X X X X X X Singapore X X X X X X X X X X X Slovak Republic X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Slovenia X X X X X South Africa X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Sri Lanka X X X X X X Suriname X X X X X X X X X Sweden X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Switzerland X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Thailand X X X X X X X X Trinidad and Tobago X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Tunisia X X X X X X Turkey X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Uganda** X X X X X X X X X X USA X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Venezuela X X X X X X X Zimbabwe X X X X X X X X X X X Total 69 63 64 59 47 59 59 55 51 57 48 46 45 43 65 57 46 Source: WTO
* Entry into force subject to acceptance, which is pending.